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==Events== *1303 – The Sapienza University of Rome is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII. *1453 – Three Genoese galleys and a Byzantine blockade runner fight their way through an Ottoman blockading fleet a few weeks before the fall of Constantinople. *1534 – Jacques Cartier begins his first voyage to what is today the east coast of Canada, the island of Newfoundland and Labrador. *1535 – The sun dog phenomenon observed over Stockholm and depicted in the famous painting ''Vädersolstavlan''. *1653 – Oliver Cromwell dissolves the Rump Parliament. *1657 – Admiral Robert Blake destroys a Spanish silver fleet under heavy fire at the Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife. * 1657 – Freedom of religion is granted to the Jews of New Amsterdam (later New York City). *1689 – The former king, James II of England, now deposed, lays siege to Derry. *1752 – Start of Konbaung–Hanthawaddy War, a new phase in the Burmese Civil War (1740–57). *1770 – The Georgian king, Erekle II, abandoned by his Russian ally Count Totleben, wins a victory over Ottoman forces at Aspindza. *1775 – American Revolutionary War: The Siege of Boston begins, following the battles at Lexington and Concord. *1789 – George Washington arrives at Grays Ferry, Philadelphia while en route to Manhattan for his inauguration *1792 – France declares war against the "King of Hungary and Bohemia", the beginning of French Revolutionary Wars. *1800 – The Septinsular Republic is established. *1809 – Two Austrian army corps in Bavaria are defeated by a First French Empire army led by Napoleon at the Battle of Abensberg on the second day of a four-day campaign that ended in a French victory. *1810 – The Governor of Caracas declares independence from Spain. *1818 – The case of ''Ashford v Thornton'' ends, with Abraham Thornton allowed to go free rather than face a retrial for murder, after his demand for trial by battle is upheld. *1828 – René Caillié becomes the first non-Muslim to enter Timbuktu. *1836 – U.S. Congress passes an act creating the Wisconsin Territory. *1861 – American Civil War: Robert E. Lee resigns his commission in the United States Army in order to command the forces of the state of Virginia. *1862 – Louis Pasteur and Claude Bernard complete the experiment falsifying the theory of spontaneous generation. *1865 – Astronomer Angelo Secchi demonstrates the Secchi disk, which measures water clarity, aboard Pope Pius IX's yacht, the ''L'Immaculata Concezion''. *1871 – The Civil Rights Act of 1871 becomes law. *1876 – The April Uprising begins. Its suppression shocks European opinion, and Bulgarian independence becomes a condition for ending the Russo-Turkish War. *1884 – Pope Leo XIII publishes the encyclical ''Humanum genus''. *1902 – Pierre and Marie Curie refine radium chloride. *1908 – Opening day of competition in the New South Wales Rugby League. *1912 – Opening day for baseball's Tiger Stadium in Detroit, and Fenway Park in Boston. *1914 – Nineteen men, women, and children die in the Ludlow Massacre during a Colorado coal-miner's strike. *1916 – The Chicago Cubs play their first game at Weeghman Park (currently Wrigley Field), defeating the Cincinnati Reds 7–6 in 11 innings. *1918 – Manfred von Richthofen, a.k.a. The Red Baron, shoots down his 79th and 80th victims, his final victories before his death the following day. *1922 – The Soviet government creates South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast within Georgian SSR. *1926 – Western Electric and Warner Bros. announce Vitaphone, a process to add sound to film. *1939 – Adolf Hitler's 50th birthday is celebrated as a national holiday in Nazi Germany. * 1939 – Billie Holiday records the first civil rights song "Strange Fruit". *1945 – World War II: US troops capture Leipzig, Germany, only to later cede the city to the Soviet Union. * 1945 – World War II: Führerbunker: Adolf Hitler makes his last trip to the surface to award Iron Crosses to boy soldiers of the Hitler Youth. * 1945 – Twenty Jewish children used in medical experiments at Neuengamme are killed in the basement of the Bullenhuser Damm school. *1946 – The League of Nations officially dissolves, giving most of its power to the United Nations. *1951 – Dan Gavriliu performs the first surgical replacement of a human organ. *1961 – Failure of the Bay of Pigs Invasion of US-backed Cuban exiles against Cuba. *1964 – BBC Two launches with a power cut because of the fire at Battersea Power Station. *1968 – English politician Enoch Powell makes his controversial ''Rivers of Blood'' speech. *1972 – Apollo 16, commanded by John Young, lands on the moon. *1978 – Korean Air Lines Flight 902 is shot down by the Soviet Union. *1980 – Climax of Berber Spring in Algeria as hundreds of Berber political activists are arrested. *1984 – The Good Friday Massacre, an extremely violent ice hockey playoff game, is played in Montreal, Canada. *1985 – The ATF raids The Covenant, The Sword, and the Arm of the Lord compound in northern Arkansas. *1986 – Pianist Vladimir Horowitz performs in his native Russia for the first time in 61 years. *1998 – German terrorist group the Red Army Faction announces their dissolution after 28 years. *1999 – Columbine High School massacre: Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold killed 13 people and injured 21 others before committing suicide at Columbine High School in Columbine, Colorado. *2007 – Johnson Space Center shooting: William Phillips with a handgun barricades himself in NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas before killing a male hostage and himself. *2008 – Danica Patrick wins the Indy Japan 300 becoming the first female driver in history to win an Indy car race. *2010 – The Deepwater Horizon drilling rig explodes in the Gulf of Mexico, killing eleven workers and beginning an oil spill that would last six months. *2012 – One hundred twenty-seven people are killed when a plane crashes in a residential area near the Benazir Bhutto International Airport near Islamabad, Pakistan. *2013 – A 6.6-magnitude earthquake strikes Lushan County, Ya'an, in China's Sichuan province, killing more than 150 people and injuring thousands. *2015 – 10 people are killed in a bomb attack on a convoy carrying food supplies to a United Nations compound in Garowe in the Somali region of Puntland. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「April 20」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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